Entrepreneurial Self-efficacy Research Articles

Interconnectedness between entrepreneurial self-efficacy, attitude, and business creation: A serial mediation of entrepreneurial intention and environmental factor

Entrepreneurial self-efficacy has been widely recognized as prominent in entrepreneurship, which can promote entrepreneurial intention, entrepreneurial attitude, and business creation. This paper aims at investigating the extent and relationship of entrepreneurial self-efficacy, entrepreneurial intention, entrepreneurial attitude, and business creation among graduates in Malaysia, as well as examine the serial mediators of entrepreneurial intention and environmental factors in linking this relationship. This present study used a quantitative approach with a self-administered survey directed at university students in Malaysia. A total of 282 public university graduates in the Klang Valley completed this survey, and we further analysed the data undergoing covariance-based structural equation modelling (SEM). The findings indicate that entrepreneurial self-efficacy has a robust effect on entrepreneurial intention, entrepreneurial attitude, and business creation among university graduates in Malaysia. In addition, results indicated that entrepreneurial intention and environmental factors completely mediate the serial mediation of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and business creation, while these two mediators partially mediate the link between entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial attitude among graduates in Malaysia.

Fuzzy Inference System to Assess Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy

En este estudio se utiliza un sistema de inferencia difusa para medir la autoeficacia empresarial (ESE) basado en características emocionales. Se adquirió un conjunto de datos con varias características orientadas a la Teoría del Comportamiento Planificado de 741 sujetos. Se aplicaron las cuatro etapas siguientes: i) preprocesamiento de los datos, ii) correlaciones de variables para definir la influencia de las variables emocionales en la ESE, iii) sistemas de inferencia difusa (FIS): en esta etapa se establecieron las reglas basándose en los resultados del análisis estadístico y en los conocimientos de los expertos. iv) Se llevó a cabo la evaluación del FIS para medir su rendimiento. Los resultados demostraron la funcionalidad del modelo y se desvelaron sus ventajas, limitaciones y trabajos futuros. En este estudio se constató que, a medida que mejora la inteligencia emocional de las personas, éstas adquieren una mayor autoeficacia empresarial, lo que conduce a un mayor éxito como empresarios, que se modeló adecuadamente con el FIS desde multiples variables de entrada.

Factors influencing entrepreneurial intentions among Chilean secondary vocational students

PurposeThis paper aims to determine the effect of a set of factors (attitude toward entrepreneurship, perceived behavioral control or entrepreneurial self-efficacy, previous experience, internal locus of control and entrepreneurial alertness) on the entrepreneurial intentions of Chilean secondary vocational school students.Design/methodology/approachAn online survey was sent to all secondary-level students from four Chilean vocational schools (3,052 students). A total of 1,644 valid questionnaires were received. The data were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM).FindingsThe results show that attitude toward entrepreneurship and perceived behavioral control positively and significantly impact the students’ entrepreneurial intentions, but not the previous experience.Research limitations/implicationsSince this research was carried out in a specific reality, the results may lack generalizability. Also, the proposed model requires further development through the incorporation of other factors. It is then suggested to replicate this study in other countries as well as to incorporate new variables and test new relationships.Practical implicationsEntrepreneurship education programs at the secondary level should emphasize changing/stimulating adolescents’ attitudes toward entrepreneurship as well as improving their confidence in their entrepreneurial abilities.Originality/valueThis is one of the few studies that provide empirical evidence about the determinants of entrepreneurial intentions in adolescents, particularly in Latin America, and with a large sample.

Subjective norms towards entrepreneurship and Malaysian students’ entrepreneurial intentions: does gender matter?

Purpose Adopting an institutional view of entrepreneurship, this study aims to explore the potential mediating role of entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) in the relationship between subjective norms and the entrepreneurial intentions of Malaysian students. Additionally, social role theory (SRT) was used to examine whether gender acts as a boundary condition in the proposed relationship. Design/methodology/approach Empirical evidence was based on responses from 220 final-year students registered from a final-year entrepreneurship module at a private university in Malaysia. The hypothesised relationships were tested using Model 7 of the PROCESS macro. Findings The findings indicated that subjective norms had a weak but positive effect on the entrepreneurial intentions of Malaysian students. Moreover, ESE was found to mediate the relationship between subjective norms and entrepreneurial intentions. However, contrary to theoretical expectations, gender did not act as a boundary condition in the proposed mediation relationship. Originality/value By incorporating SRT with institutional theory, this study sought to address a knowledge gap in the existing literature by investigating and empirically exploring the moderating influence of gender on the mediating effect of ESE in the relationship between subjective norms and entrepreneurial intentions.

The Effect of Entrepreneurship Education and Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy on Entrepreneurial Intention of Students of Pondok Pesantren Mambaul Ulum Banyuwangi with Islamic Values as An Intervening Variable

The Effect of Entrepreneurship Education and Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy on Entrepreneurial Intention of Students of Pondok Pesantren Mambaul Ulum Banyuwangi with Islamic Values as An Intervening Variable

Factors Affecting Entrepreneurial Intention of Higher Diploma Students in Hanoi-Vietnam

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors influencing the entrepreneurial intention (EI) of Higher Diploma (HD) students in Hanoi, Vietnam, addressing a notable gap in the literature regarding this specific demographic.   Design/methodology/approach: Surveys were conducted using both web-based platforms, such as Google Forms, and distributed questionnaires. In total, 411 valid responses from HD students in Hanoi were collected. A convenient sampling method is utilized, considering the distribution of students across various demographic variables to ensure the reliability and representativeness of the study. The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) was employed. Multiple regression in SPSS is used to analyze the collected data.   Results and discussions: The analysis results unveiled that all scrutinized factors, including Attitude Toward Behavior, Perceived Behavioral Control, Subjective Norm, Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy, Closer Valuation, and Social Valuation, exerted a positive and substantial influence on HD students' Entrepreneurial Intention (EI). Notably, the six factors collectively accounted for 40.6% of the variance in entrepreneurial intention observed among the respondents.   Research Implications: The findings hold valuable implications for policymakers, educators, and stakeholders, guiding the development of targeted interventions aimed at fostering entrepreneurship among HD students. By leveraging these insights, they can design tailored initiatives to promote entrepreneurship, potentially leading to enhanced economic development in Vietnam.   Originality/Value: The findings provide valuable insights for educators, policymakers, and stakeholders involved in entrepreneurship education and support programs, helping them tailor interventions to effectively cultivate an entrepreneurial mindset among HD students. Furthermore, the study adds to the broader understanding of the psychological and social factors that shape entrepreneurial intentions, contributing to the advancement of knowledge in the field of entrepreneurship research.

Entrepreneurial Passion: A Key Driver of Social Innovations for Tourism Firms

Abstract Small and medium tourism enterprises (SMTEs) play a vital role in the sustainability and innovation of tourism destinations. Although their role in the sustainability of destinations has received much attention, research focusing on the antecedents of their social innovation practices remains limited. Drawing on theories on entrepreneurship and social innovation, this study contributes to the body knowledge through an empirical analysis of the factors that drive the social innovations of tourism entrepreneurs. For this purpose, a mixed method approach is conducted which includes an e-survey of tourism entrepreneurs (analysed using PLS-SEM, NCA and IPMA) followed by in-depth interviews to gain additional insights. The results showed that 68 % of the SMTEs pursue social development objectives, and 44 % seek opportunities to improve the social conditions of the community in which the firm operates. The results also reveal that entrepreneurial self-efficacy, community attachment and entrepreneurial passion positively influence social innovations, however, entrepreneurial passion is a ‘necessary condition’ for achieving social innovation outcomes. Research also found that ‘opportunity perception’ has an indirect effect on social innovations that is mediated by entrepreneurial self-efficacy. The results provide important insights for the development of social innovation in the context of tourism entrepreneurs, with practical implications for local governments and destination authorities in supporting entrepreneurship and sustainability.

Reclaiming employment: A pilot study of online entrepreneurship training for individuals with psychiatric disabilities

BACKGROUND: Many individuals with psychiatric disabilities face workplace challenges that motivate them to pursue self-employment, but accessible self-employment support is lacking. Using participatory action research, Reclaiming EmploymentTM (RE), an online interactive platform that provides self-employment education for people who experience mental health-related challenges around work, was developed to address these gaps. OBJECTIVE: An observational pilot study of RE examined usage, usability, self-efficacy, and self-employment income. METHODS: Participants (N = 97) used RE for six months; survey data was collected at three timepoints to measure entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) and income generated from self-employment. Usability was assessed post-intervention using the System Usability Scale. RESULTS: More than 70% of participants used RE; there was no association between non-usage and demographic characteristics, nor prior use of other self-employment supports. RE users rated the platform at above average usability, although those who experienced long-term unemployment rated the platform significantly lower compared to wage or self-employed users. In longitudinal regression models, we found use of RE was significantly associated with increases in some ESE subscales and mean ESE. Use of RE was not associated with gains in income. CONCLUSION: This pilot study demonstrates acceptability, feasibility, and preliminary effectiveness of an online entrepreneurship training for individuals with psychiatric disabilities.

Fuelling entrepreneurial success: unravelling the nexus of financial resources, self-efficacy, outcome expectations and entrepreneurial intentions in Saudi micro and small enterprises

AbstractThis paper focuses on understanding how financial resources (FR) influence entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) and extrinsic outcome expectations (EOE). It also examines the influence of intrinsic outcome expectations (IOE) on ESE. This study further investigates the impact of ESE on entrepreneurial intention (EI) and EOE. At the same time, it examines how EOE influences EI among micro and small entrepreneurs in Saudi Arabia. The study also analyses the ability of ESE and EOE to mediate in the different relationships of the study. The author collected a sample of 201 micro and small entrepreneurs operating in various locations in Saudi Arabia through a self-administered online questionnaire. The data analysis was executed using partial least squares-structural equation modelling. The study’s findings reported exciting results, indicating the presence of a positive and significant relationship between FR and ESE, as well as EOE. They also revealed the presence of a positive relationship between IOE and ESE. ESE also showed the ability to positively and significantly influence EI and EOE. Furthermore, the relationship between EOE and EI reported unexpected negative results. Concerning the mediation result, ESE proved to mediate the relationship between FR and EI, as well as that between IOE and EI. Finally, EOE was unable to mediate the relationship between FR and EI. This study provides specific recommendations and implications for policymakers to benefit from its outcomes.

Innate green propensity: Precursors of ecopreneurial intentions among Indonesian Education Human Resources University

The dynamic growth of the human population has played a significant role in changing purchasing patterns, thereby contributing, along with other influences, to a major impact on the global environment. Entrepreneurship is now shifting to focus on ecological sustainability in response to environmental changes. The Indonesian Education Human Resource University (EHRU) seeks to integrate ecopreneurship into its curriculum to support the green economy and sustainable development goals (SDGs) with a role as prospective teachers and education drivers. The limitations of previous research lie in the lack of specific evaluation of ecopreneurial intentions among Education Human Resources University students. Moreover, previous research has ignored the importance of environmentally friendly education that is aligned with the SDGs. In addition, existing research has not discussed the potential for technological advances in entrepreneurial intentions, creating a significant gap. This study examines the support for ecopreneurship and its impact on the intentions of EHRU students in Indonesia. Using survey-based quantitative methods, data were collected from a sample of 309 student respondents at two prominent EHRU institutions in Indonesia, namely, the Indonesian Education University and Surabaya State University. The research data underwent an analysis process using the variance structural equation model with SmartPLS (partial least squares). Results show that conceptual support positively affects entrepreneurial self-efficacy, particularly in ecopreneurship. EHRU students have great potential to become agents of change in sustainable business practices. Technology plays an essential role in influencing entrepreneurial self-efficacy and student ecopreneurship intentions. Students’ self-efficacy is very important in motivating them to develop strong ecopreneurship intentions. However, reform of educational programs and state policies regarding ecopreneurship education must support the role of EHRU students as a concrete vision of the green economy.

Factors that determine Islamic entrepreneurial intention: an empirical investigation using two country samples

Purpose Islam describes business as a legitimate means of halal income. However, little is known about what attracts people towards Islamic entrepreneurship or halalpreneurship. By applying the theory of planned behaviour, this study aims to contribute to this underexplored area by investigating the factors that affect Islamic entrepreneurial intention (IEI). Design/methodology/approach This study examined a mediation model using two country samples. First, the hypotheses were tested on a sample recruited from a high-income economy (i.e. Saudi Arabia) using structural equation modelling in AMOS V26. The authors then conducted a replication study to investigate the robustness of the findings using a sample recruited from a lower-middleincome economy (i.e. Bangladesh) and a different analysis technique, the PROCESS mediation model in SPSS V25. Findings The findings suggest that IEI depends on four antecedents, namely, attitude towards Islamic entrepreneurship, general entrepreneurial self-efficacy, Islamic entrepreneurial self-efficacy and perceived halal income. These antecedents also mediate the relationship between moral judgement and IEI. Research limitations/implications This study offers an empirical framework that captures several perspectives on the formation of IEI. The findings contribute to entrepreneurial intention and motivation research by suggesting factors that motivate individuals to engage in Islamic entrepreneurship. Originality/value The findings imply that the framework of IEI can withstand diverse socioeconomic contexts. A novel perspective of this study is that Muslims who are motivated by perceived halal income show greater interest in becoming Islamic entrepreneurs.

Entrepreneurship Education and Entrepreneurial Intention Among Tourism and Hotel Management Students: The Mediating Role of Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy and the Moderating Role of Grit

The present study aims to examine effective measures to enhance the effects of entrepreneurship education (EE) on university students’ entrepreneurial intention (EI) through entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) and grit. The survey used a convenient sample of 758 tourism and hotel management students in China. SPSS macro program PROCESS (Model 4) was used to test the mediating effect, and PROCESS (Model 7) was further used to verify the moderated mediation model. The results indicated that: (1) there was statistically significant and positive relationship among EE, ESE, grit, and EI among tourism and hotel management students; (2) EE significantly and positively predicted EI; (3) ESE played a partial mediating role in the link between EE and EI; (4) grit moderated the indirect effect of EE on students’ EI via their ESE. EE is a significant predictor of EI of tourism and hotel management students. Particularly, to improve the influence of EE, entrepreneurial policy makers should design incentive policies that ensure that universities provide EE across various majors. Also, educators should create a supportive and effective education environment so as to improve students’ ESE and grit.

Antecedents of digital entrepreneurial intention among engineering students

The study aims to investigate the factors shape digital entrepreneurial intention based on the application of the Social Cognitive Career theory. A sample of 345 engineering students and the structural equation modeling method are used to provides a better understanding of the factors (attitude toward digital entrepreneurship, digital entrepreneurial self-efficacy, digital entrepreneurial knowledge, and digital entrepreneurial education) that motivate engineering students to engage in digital entrepreneurship. The results indicate that attitude toward digital entrepreneurship significantly and positively impacts the digital entrepreneurship intention. Additionally, digital entrepreneurial self-efficacy plays a crucial role in fostering a positive attitude toward digital entrepreneurship. The study highlights the importance of digital entrepreneurial knowledge, which positively affects both self-efficacy and attitude toward digital entrepreneurship. The finding emphasizes the significance of digital entrepreneurial education in enhancing knowledge and digital entrepreneurial self-efficacy. The results are anticipated to offer both theoretical and practical insights into the factors encouraging digital entrepreneurial intentions.

Entrepreneurial Intention of Management Students In Pokhara University

Purpose: Entrepreneurship plays a vital role in economic development. This study investigated the factors influencing entrepreneurial intention among management students in Nepalese universities.
 Methodology: With a quantitative approach employing a descriptive and analytical research design, the study encompasses a sample of 225 students from Pokhara University Colleges in Pokhara.
 Finding and Conclusion: The study found a positive inclination towards entrepreneurship among the surveyed individuals, with a significant proportion expressing confidence in their knowledge and skills for entrepreneurial endeavors. The measurement scale on entrepreneurial intention encompasses various constructs such as entrepreneurial education, attitude, self-efficacy, subjective norms, risk-taking behavior, and intention. The structural equation modeling results showed entrepreneurial selfefficacy, risk-taking behavior, and subjective norms demonstrate significant positive impact on entrepreneurial intention. This study concludes that students who are more confidents, take more risks and have support from their family as well as friends circle tend to launch their business in a confident way.
 Implications: The study contributes to a comprehensive understanding of factors influencing entrepreneurial intentions among management students in Nepalese universities. These insights provide a solid foundation for informed policymaking as well as offer practical implications for educators, policymakers, and stakeholders involved in promoting entrepreneurship and economic development in the region.

Exploring the impact of college graduates' place attachment on entrepreneurial intention upon returning to hometowns: A study based on the theory of planned behavior.

The issue of the continuing decline of rural areas caused by urbanization has become a global concern. Encouraging college graduates to return to their hometowns to start businesses is an important initiative for countries to achieve sustainable rural development. Drawing from the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), this study introduces two additional variables: place attachment and entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Through a series of three model refinements, a comprehensive theoretical framework has been formulated to elucidate Chinese college graduates' hometown-based entrepreneurial intention and behavior. The samples for this study were 1151 college graduates selected from diverse universities across China. This study aims to explore the influence of college graduates' hometown-based entrepreneurial intention using Structural Equation Modelling. This analytical approach illuminates how variables such as college graduates' place attachment, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, subjective norm for hometown-based entrepreneurship, and attitude towards hometown-based entrepreneurship affected their hometown-based entrepreneurial intention. The research findings reveal the following insights: (1) The overall levels of college graduates' place attachment and hometown-based entrepreneurial intention were relatively low. (2) College graduates' place attachment, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, subjective norm for hometown-based entrepreneurship, and attitude towards hometown-based entrepreneurship, had a positive impact on their hometown-based entrepreneurial intention. (3) College graduates' place attachment and subjective norm for hometown-based entrepreneurship had a significant impact on their hometown-based entrepreneurial intention through the mediating variable of entrepreneurial self-efficacy. This study then makes policy recommendations from theoretical and managerial aspects.

Drivers of Student Social Entrepreneurial Intention Amid the Economic Crisis in Lebanon: A Mediation Model

Entrepreneurship, once a choice, has now evolved into a critical lifeline for the youth in Lebanon amid a prolonged and extensive economic crisis, now entering its fourth year. This crisis has triggered a shift in the mindset of Lebanese youth, driven by the high unemployment rate, acting as a catalyst for a transition towards entrepreneurship as a viable career choice. This study underscores the necessity of comprehending the determinants shaping social entrepreneurial intentions among Lebanese students. The goal is to identify these determinants, allowing for the implementation of necessary measures to not only enhance these intentions but also facilitate their transformation into tangible actions, thereby propelling economic growth and fostering sustainable development. The research investigates the intricate interplay of entrepreneurial education, entrepreneurial passion, and moral obligation, with entrepreneurial self-efficacy serving as a mediating factor. Conducting a survey among 265 participants from four universities in Lebanon using convenience sampling, this research employs Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) for analysis. The results reveal that entrepreneurial education and entrepreneurial passion significantly boost students’ belief in their entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Simultaneously, entrepreneurial self-efficacy intensifies students’ entrepreneurial intention. Furthermore, a positive correlation is observed between moral obligation and social entrepreneurial intention. These findings hold significant implications for educators and policymakers, offering insights to guide initiatives aimed at enhancing entrepreneurial education and fostering an environment conducive to socially impactful ventures, in light of the economic and political crisis that Lebanon is currently facing. Likewise, researchers can gain insights from the theoretical foundations of the present study and discover possible pathways for future analyses. Moreover, integrating sustainability principles into entrepreneurial education could further amplify the social and economic impact of ventures in Lebanon’s challenging context.

Green Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy And Its Outcomes: The Mediating Role Of The Attitude Towards Entrepreneurship

The objective of this research is to investigate the correlation between green entrepreneurial self-efficacy (GESE) and its outcomes, which include innovative work behavior (IWB) and entrepreneurial intention (EI). Specifically, the study will focus on the meditating effect of attitude towards entrepreneurship (ATE) using the framework of theory of planned behavior (TPB). Data was collected from 307 employees working in SMEs related to the textile industry in Pakistan. M+ is used to test the research model. The research findings indicated that individuals' belief in their ability to succeed as green entrepreneurs had a beneficial effect on their inclination to engage in creative work practices and pursue entrepreneurial endeavors. Moreover, the attitude towards entrepreneurship served as a mediator in the connection between green entrepreneurial self-efficacy and its resulting effects, namely creative work behavior and entrepreneurial intention. Green entrepreneurial self-efficacy is the belief in one's ability to successfully engage in environmentally sustainable entrepreneurial activities. This study suggests that green entrepreneurial self-efficacy can be an effective tool for managers to induce entrepreneurial intention and innovative work behavior. This research added to green self-efficacy, innovation, and entrepreneurial literature and provided understandings into how managers could enhance the green entrepreneurial self-efficacy of employees to boost innovative work behavior and entrepreneurial intention.

The Impact of Entrepreneurship Education, Perceived Behavior Control, and Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy on Pre-Service Teacher Candidates’ Entrepreneurial Intention

The purpose of this study was to determine the role of entrepreneurship education (EE), perceived behavior control (PBC) and entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) on the entrepreneurial intentions of students of the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat. This study used a quantitative method with the help of SEM-PLS to determine the effect of the model under study. Research data was collected through a questionnaire via e-form, which was distributed to Universitas Lambung Mangkurat students from September to December 2022. The instrument was filled with 239 students. The participants were teacher training students at Universitas Lambung Mangkurat who were chosen through a random selection process. The study's findings demonstrated that entrepreneurship education positively influences self-control and self-efficacy. Self-discipline and belief in one's ability to succeed benefit the desire to start a business. Entrepreneurship education does not influence entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurship education was found to influence entrepreneurial self-efficacy and perceived behaviour control positively. Entrepreneurial self-efficacy and perceived behaviour control positively influence entrepreneurial intentions, but entrepreneurship education does not significantly benefit entrepreneurial intents.

Women’s entrepreneurship education: a systematic review and future agenda

Purpose In this systematic review of the literature on women’s entrepreneurship education, this paper aims to examine the current state of the field. The authors analyze publication trends, identify major themes and propose an agenda for future research. Design/methodology/approach The authors review 363 articles published between 1993 and 2023, to develop a synthesized overview of women’s entrepreneurship education, complete with insights into the journals that have provided the most coverage of this topic, as well as how it has emerged over time. Findings The authors tracked the evolution of research themes and collaboration networks over a 30-year period. Results show there has been significant growth in research on women’s entrepreneurship education, as evidenced by a surge of publications on the topic and the total number of citations. Originality/value The authors categorized and analyzed six thematic clusters within the literature: entrepreneurial intention, ethical perspectives, gender-specific barriers, gender stereotypes, rural entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Building on these thematic clusters, this study discusses future research directions to advance the field.

Determinant of Sustainable Entrepreneurial Intention : Mediating Role of Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy

Determinant of Sustainable Entrepreneurial Intention : Mediating Role of Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy